USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS
Unit Four Ecosystems: What They Are
spread paragraph 9 influence altering volition ripple effect large scale verge evidence EXERCISES I. READING COMPREHENSION 1. What is the main idea of the article? a. The biosphere consists of a great variety of environments, both b. Every ecosystem has two "sides": the organisms on one hand с Humans have changed and are continuing to change things on a very large scale. 2. According to paragraph 2, the environment involves the interplay of a. rainfall, temperature, light, water and wind b. chemical nutrients, pH, salinity and fire с many physical and chemical, or abiotic factors 3. The difference in response to environmental factors determines a. which organisms do or don't survive b. which species may or may not occupy a given region 4. In paragraph 3, the principle that different species thrive under dif a. laboratory experiments b. a series of chambers in which all abiotic factors are controlled 5. According to paragraph 4, there are zones of stress between a. the high and low ends of the range of tolerance b. the maximum growth and an optimal range с the optimal range and the high and low limit of tolerance 6. Every species (both plant and animal) has a. the high or low limit of tolerance b. an optimum range and zones of stress c. limits of tolerance with respect to every abiotic factor 7. Many plants may grow under a. different conditions b. the same conditions 8. Which paragraph discusses the Law of Limiting Factors? a. Paragraph5. b. Paragraph 6. 9. The Law of Limiting Factors includes a. any factor that affects the organism b. the problem of "too little" 10. In paragraph 7, the Law of Limiting Factors was first presented a. in connection with the observations regarding the effects of b. by Justus von Liebig 11. Liebig's Law of Minimums may be applied to a. our agricultural crops b. biotic factors с all abiotic factors 12. In paragraph 8, each environment with the species it supports is a. anecotone b. an ecosystem с a unique grouping of organisms 13. Every ecosystem is interconnected with others through a. certain bounds of limiting factors b. ecotones с some species that cross from one system to another 14. Humans have changed and are continuing to change things on a a. The extinction of thousands of species. b. Manifold changes over most of the earth. с A sudden and catastrophic "collapse of the biosphere". Unit Four Ecosystems: What They Are
II. VOCABULARY
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